Human Resource Knowledge Area
Project Human Resources Management includes
the processes that organize, manage and lead the project team.
Project Management team is a subset of the
project team and is responsible for the project management and leadership
activities.
The knowledge area of Project Human Resource Management consists
of the following four processes:
Process
Name
|
Project
Management Process Group
|
Key
Deliverables
|
Plan Human
Resource Management
|
Planning
|
Human Resource Management Plan
|
Acquire
Project Team
|
Executing
|
Resource Calendars, Project Staff
Assignments
|
Develop
Project Team
|
Executing
|
Team Performance Assessments
|
Manage
Project Team
|
Executing
|
Change Requests
|
Plan Human Resource Management is the process
of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and required
skills, reporting relationships and creating staffing management plan.
This plan contains
·
training
needs
·
team
building strategies
·
plans
for recognition and reward programs
·
compliance
considerations
·
safety
issues
·
impact
of the staffing management plan on the organization
Staff management plan includes the timetable
for staff acquisition and release.
Hierarchical charts, Matrix charts and
text-oriented position description are examples of Organization charts and
position descriptions.
A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a
grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package.
One example of a RAM is a RACI (responsible, accountable, consult,
and inform) chart.
Networking is the formal and informal
interaction with others in an organization, industry, or professional
environment.
Expectancy
Theory
– Employees who believe their efforts will lead to effective performance and
who expect to be rewarded for their accomplishments will productive as rewards
meet their expectations.
Fringe
Benefits
– These are the standard benefits formally given to all employees, such as
education benefits, insurance, and profit sharing.
McGregor’s Theory of X and Y:
·
Theory
X -
People need to be watched every minute. People are incapable, avoid
responsibility and avoid work whenever possible.
·
Theory
Y -
People are willing to work without supervision and want to achieve. People can
direct their own efforts.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow’s pyramid.
David McClelland’s Theory of Needs
corresponds to need of achievement, affiliation and power.
Herzberg’s Theory – This theory deals with
hygiene factors and motivating agents.
Halo Effect – is the tendency to rate team
members high or low on all factors due to the impression of high or low rating
on some specific factor.
The human resource management plan includes:
·
Roles and responsibilities
·
Project organization charts
·
Staffing management plan
Resource Histogram – Part of resource
optimization strategy.
The Inputs, Tools and Techniques and Output
of Plan
Human Resources Management process are given below:
Project
Management Plan
|
Organization
Charts and Position Descriptions
|
Human
Resource Management Plan
|
Activity
Resource Requirements
|
Networking
|
|
Enterprise
Environmental Factors
|
Organizational
Theory
|
|
Organizational
Process Assets
|
Expert
Judgment
|
|
Meetings
|
Acquire Project Team is the process of
confirming human resource availability and obtaining the team necessary to
complete project assignments.
When project team members are selected in
advance, they are considered pre-assigned.
Staff assignments are negotiated on many projects. The project management team may need to
negotiate with:
·
Functional
managers
·
Other
project management teams within the performing organization
·
External
organizations, vendors, suppliers, contractors, etc.
Acquisition - When the performing organization is unable to provide
the staff needed to complete a project, the required services may be acquired
from outside sources.
Virtual Teams - Groups of people with a shared goal
but do not or rarely meet face to face.
By use of a multi-criteria decision analysis tool, criteria are developed and used to rate or
score potential team members.
Resource calendars document the time periods that each
project team member is available to work on the project
The Inputs, Tools and Techniques and Output
of Acquire
Project Team process are given below:
Human
Resource Management Plan
|
Pre-assignment
|
Project
Staff Assignments
|
Enterprise
Environmental Factors
|
Negotiation
|
Resource
Calendars
|
Organizational
Process Assets
|
Acquisition
|
Project
Management Plan Updates
|
Virtual
Teams
|
||
Multi-criteria
Decision Analysis
|
Develop Project Team is the process of
improving the competencies, team interaction, team environment to enhance
project performance.
Interpersonal skills, sometimes known as “soft skills,” are
behavioral competencies that include proficiencies:
·
communication
skills
·
emotional
intelligence
·
conflict
resolution
·
negotiation
·
influence
·
team
building
·
group
facilitation
Team member may require training in order to
perform on the project or to enhance their performance.
Five stages of Team-Building Activities:
·
Forming
·
Storming
·
Norming
·
Performing
·
Adjourning
Ground rules establish clear expectations regarding
acceptable behavior by project team members.
Colocation - Placing all or almost all of the most active project
team members in the same physical location to enhance their ability to perform
as a team.
Recognition and Rewards must be clear, explicit, and
achievable.
Personnel assessment tools give the project
manager and the project team insight into areas of strength and weakness.
A formal or informal assessment of the team’s effectiveness is a part of project
manager’s responsibility.
Power is the potential ability to influence
behavior to get people to do things they would not normally do.
·
Legitimate
(formal)
·
Coercive
(punishment)
·
Reward
·
Expert
·
Referent
Laissez-Faire – Meaning “to let
do” – Minimal or no interference by authority.
The Inputs, Tools and Techniques and Output
of Develop
Project Team process are given below:
Human
Resource Management Plan
|
Interpersonal
Skills
|
Team
Performance Assessments
|
Project
Staff Assignments
|
Training
|
Enterprise
Environmental Factors updates
|
Resource
Calendars
|
Team-Building
Activities
|
|
Ground
rules
|
||
Colocation
|
||
Recognition
and Rewards
|
||
Personnel
Assessment Tools
|
Manage Project Team is the
process of tracking team members performance, providing feedback, resolving
issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance.
Project management team observes
team behavior, manages conflicts, resolves issues, and appraises team member
performance.
Project Manager should stay in
touch with the work & attitudes of project team members.
360 degree feedback principles
may also be used to evaluate the performance.
Sources of conflict include:
·
Scarce resources
·
Scheduling priorities
·
Personal work styles
Five general techniques for resolving
conflict:
·
Withdraw/Avoid
– Neutral/Neutral
·
Smooth/Accommodate
– Lose/Win
·
Compromise/Reconcile
– Lose/Lose
·
Force/Direct
– Win/Lose
·
Collaborate/Problem
Solve – Win/Win
The Inputs, Tools and Techniques and Output
of Manage
Project Team process are given below:
Human
Resource Management Plan
|
Observation
and Conversation
|
Change
Requests
|
Project
Staff Assignments
|
Project
Performance Appraisals
|
Project
Management Plan Updates
|
Team
Performance Assessments
|
Conflict
Management
|
Project
Documents updates
|
Issue
Log
|
Interpersonal
Skills
|
Enterprise
Environmental Factors updates
|
Work
Performance Reports
|
Organizational
Process Assets updates
|
|
Organizational
Process Assets
|
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